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How
a Bill Becomes a Law
Legislators
file bills on issue areas of their concern,
although bills on international agreements and
treaties are tradionally initiated by the Senate,
while bills on appropriations and those authorizing
increase in public debts originate from the House
of Representatives.
After
research and studies have been conducted by the
staff and the legislators themselves, the bill goes
through the legislative mill.
Introduction
of the Bill
- Bills
are signed by the author and filed in four
copies; delivered to the Secretary of the
Chamber of origin
- A
bill number is assigned by the Secretariat
- The
bill is calendared for introduction and first
reading. This is done within the first three
session days from the day it is
filed
FIRST
READING
- The
Secretary of the Chamber reads the bill, its
number, long title, and its
author(s)
Committe
Referral and Action
- The
presiding officer of the session refers the bill
to the appropriate committee
- The
committee schedules and conducts meetings and
public hearings; reports the consolidated bills
on the same subject or the substtitute bill; or
gives notice to the author(s) if action is
unfavorable
SECOND
READING
- The
bill goes through a second reading after which a
committee report on the subject is read
- On
the second reading, the following takes
place:
- Period
of Debate: Sponsorship Speech;
Interpellation; Turno en Contra
- Period
of Amendments: Committee Amendments;
Individual Amendments
- Voting,
which may be by viva voce; raising of hands;
division of the house; nominal or roll
call
THIRD
READING
- The
bill on the third reading is subjected to a viva
voce vote
- The
Secretary General signs a certification and
sends the bill to the Secretary of the chamber.
The bill is sent to the other house (the bill
goes through first, second and third readings in
the second chamber)
Conference
Committee
- The
bill is returned to the chamber of origin for
votes to amendments recommended by other
chamber
- The
bill is sent for consideration to a conference
committee if the changes recommended by the
other chamber are not accepted by the chamber
where the bill originated
Presidential
Action
- The
bill is sent for Presidential approval if it
passes both chambers after the reconciliation of
differences of the different versions of the
bills in the Conference Committee
- The
bill becomes a law after it is signed by the
President, or after 30 days from the day of
submission for Presidential action and the
President takes no action
- If
the President vetoes the bill:
- it
is returned to the chamber of origin together
with his/her objections
- objections
are entered in the Journal and sent back for
reconsideration
- two-thirds
of the members of the chamber of origin can
pass the bill to the other chamber; if
approved by two thirds of the members of that
chamber, the presidential veto is overriden
and the bill becomes a law
courtesy
of Center for Legislative Development
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